Varkala Cliff: Discovering India’s Future First National Geopark and Its Geological Treasures

Shaji Viswanathan
Jan 4
3 min read

Varkala Cliff is more than just a stunning seaside spot in Kerala. It holds a rare geological significance that sets it apart from other coastal regions in India. Soon, this unique cliff will gain national recognition as India’s first National Geopark. This milestone will highlight its importance as a natural heritage site and promote sustainable tourism that respects its delicate environment.

What Makes Varkala Cliff Geologically Unique

Unlike the mostly flat coastline of Kerala, Varkala Cliff rises dramatically with its striking red sedimentary rock formations. These cliffs are a rare geological feature on India’s west coast. The Geological Survey of India (GSI) identifies Varkala as the only place along this coast where sediments from the Mio-Pliocene age are exposed. This means the rocks here date back between 1.3 million and 25 million years.

These exposed layers offer a window into Earth’s distant past. They contain microfossils and evidence of natural chemical processes that help scientists understand how the region’s landscape and climate evolved over millions of years. This makes Varkala Cliff a living museum of geological history.

Steps Toward National Geopark Status

The Kerala unit of the Geological Survey of India has prepared a detailed proposal to protect and promote Varkala Cliff. The proposal has received in-principle approval from the GSI headquarters. The first official recognition will be declaring Varkala Cliff a Geological Monument. This status is prestigious and currently held by only 26 sites across India, including the Angadipuram Laterite formations in Malappuram.

Once declared a Geological Monument, the surrounding area will be developed into a National Geopark. This development will focus on:

Conservation of the geological features and natural environment
Educational programs to raise awareness about the cliff’s significance
Promoting low-impact tourism that benefits local communities without harming the site

This approach ensures that visitors can enjoy the beauty and history of Varkala Cliff while preserving it for future generations.

Why National Geoparks Matter

National Geoparks are areas recognized for their outstanding geological heritage. They serve multiple purposes:

Protecting unique geological formations
Supporting scientific research
Educating the public about Earth’s history
Encouraging sustainable tourism that respects nature

For Varkala, becoming a National Geopark will put it on the global map alongside other renowned geoparks. It will attract geologists, students, and travelers interested in nature and history. This recognition also helps local communities by creating jobs and promoting eco-friendly tourism.

Exploring Varkala Cliff Today

Visitors to Varkala can experience the cliff’s grandeur firsthand. The red cliffs rise sharply above the Arabian Sea, offering panoramic views of the beach and ocean. The area around the cliff is dotted with small shops, cafes, and yoga centers, blending natural beauty with cultural experiences.

Here are some tips for exploring Varkala Cliff responsibly:

Stick to marked trails to avoid damaging fragile rock formations
Avoid collecting rocks or fossils, as these are protected by law
Support local businesses that follow sustainable practices
Visit during daylight hours for safety and best views

By following these guidelines, tourists help preserve the cliff’s natural and geological integrity.

The Future of Varkala Cliff and Its Community

The designation as India’s first National Geopark will bring new opportunities for Varkala. It will encourage investment in infrastructure that supports sustainable tourism, such as eco-friendly accommodations and visitor centers. Educational programs can involve local schools and universities, fostering a deeper connection between residents and their natural heritage.

Moreover, protecting Varkala Cliff helps maintain the coastal ecosystem. The cliff acts as a natural barrier against erosion and supports diverse plant and animal life. Its conservation is vital for the health of the surrounding environment.